Q: What is the prime factorization of the number 42,243,323?

Why is the prime factorization of 42,243,323 written as 263¹ x 160,621¹?

What is prime factorization?

Prime factorization or prime factor decomposition is the process of finding which prime numbers can be multiplied together to make the original number.

Finding the prime factors of 42,243,323

To find the prime factors, you start by dividing the number by the first prime number, which is 2. If there is not a remainder, meaning you can divide evenly, then 2 is a factor of the number. Continue dividing by 2 until you cannot divide evenly anymore. Write down how many 2's you were able to divide by evenly. Now try dividing by the next prime factor, which is 3. The goal is to get to a quotient of 1.

Here are the first several prime factors: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29...

Let's start by dividing 42,243,323 by 2

42,243,323 ÷ 2 = 21,121,661.5 - This has a remainder. Let's try another prime number.
42,243,323 ÷ 3 = 14,081,107.6667 - This has a remainder. Let's try another prime number.
42,243,323 ÷ 5 = 8,448,664.6 - This has a remainder. Let's try another prime number.
...
Keep trying increasingly larger numbers until you find one that divides evenly.
...
42,243,323 ÷ 263 = 160,621 - No remainder! 263 is one of the factors!
160,621 ÷ 263 = 610.7262 - There is a remainder. We can't divide by 263 evenly anymore. Let's try the next prime number
160,621 ÷ 269 = 597.1041 - This has a remainder. 269 is not a factor.
160,621 ÷ 271 = 592.6974 - This has a remainder. 271 is not a factor.
160,621 ÷ 277 = 579.8592 - This has a remainder. 277 is not a factor.
...
Keep trying increasingly larger numbers until you find one that divides evenly.
...
160,621 ÷ 160,621 = 1 - No remainder! 160,621 is one of the factors!

The orange divisor(s) above are the prime factors of the number 42,243,323. If we put all of it together we have the factors 263 x 160,621 = 42,243,323. It can also be written in exponential form as 263¹ x 160,621¹.

Factor Tree

Another way to do prime factorization is to use a factor tree. Below is a factor tree for the number 42,243,323.

	42,243,323
263		160,621

More Prime Factorization Examples

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