Q: What is the prime factorization of the number 12,800?

 A:
  • The prime factors are: 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5
    • or also written as { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 5, 5 }
  • Written in exponential form: 29 x 52

Why is the prime factorization of 12,800 written as 29 x 52?

What is prime factorization?

Prime factorization or prime factor decomposition is the process of finding which prime numbers can be multiplied together to make the original number.

Finding the prime factors of 12,800

To find the prime factors, you start by dividing the number by the first prime number, which is 2. If there is not a remainder, meaning you can divide evenly, then 2 is a factor of the number. Continue dividing by 2 until you cannot divide evenly anymore. Write down how many 2's you were able to divide by evenly. Now try dividing by the next prime factor, which is 3. The goal is to get to a quotient of 1.

If it doesn't make sense yet, let's try it...

Here are the first several prime factors: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29...

Let's start by dividing 12,800 by 2

12,800 ÷ 2 = 6,400 - No remainder! 2 is one of the factors!
6,400 ÷ 2 = 3,200 - No remainder! 2 is one of the factors!
3,200 ÷ 2 = 1,600 - No remainder! 2 is one of the factors!
1,600 ÷ 2 = 800 - No remainder! 2 is one of the factors!
800 ÷ 2 = 400 - No remainder! 2 is one of the factors!
400 ÷ 2 = 200 - No remainder! 2 is one of the factors!
200 ÷ 2 = 100 - No remainder! 2 is one of the factors!
100 ÷ 2 = 50 - No remainder! 2 is one of the factors!
50 ÷ 2 = 25 - No remainder! 2 is one of the factors!
25 ÷ 2 = 12.5 - There is a remainder. We can't divide by 2 evenly anymore. Let's try the next prime number
25 ÷ 3 = 8.3333 - This has a remainder. 3 is not a factor.
25 ÷ 5 = 5 - No remainder! 5 is one of the factors!
5 ÷ 5 = 1 - No remainder! 5 is one of the factors!

The orange divisor(s) above are the prime factors of the number 12,800. If we put all of it together we have the factors 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 = 12,800. It can also be written in exponential form as 29 x 52.

Factor Tree

Another way to do prime factorization is to use a factor tree. Below is a factor tree for the number 12,800.

12,800
Factor Arrows
26,400
Factor Arrows
23,200
Factor Arrows
21,600
Factor Arrows
2800
Factor Arrows
2400
Factor Arrows
2200
Factor Arrows
2100
Factor Arrows
250
Factor Arrows
225
Factor Arrows
55

More Prime Factorization Examples

12,79812,79912,80112,802
21 x 34 x 79112,799131 x 171 x 251121 x 371 x 1731

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