Q: What is the prime factorization of the number 103,421,234?

 A:
  • The prime factors are: 2 x 7 x 17 x 353 x 1,231
    • or also written as { 2, 7, 17, 353, 1,231 }
  • Written in exponential form: 21 x 71 x 171 x 3531 x 1,2311

Why is the prime factorization of 103,421,234 written as 21 x 71 x 171 x 3531 x 1,2311?

What is prime factorization?

Prime factorization or prime factor decomposition is the process of finding which prime numbers can be multiplied together to make the original number.

Finding the prime factors of 103,421,234

To find the prime factors, you start by dividing the number by the first prime number, which is 2. If there is not a remainder, meaning you can divide evenly, then 2 is a factor of the number. Continue dividing by 2 until you cannot divide evenly anymore. Write down how many 2's you were able to divide by evenly. Now try dividing by the next prime factor, which is 3. The goal is to get to a quotient of 1.

If it doesn't make sense yet, let's try it...

Here are the first several prime factors: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29...

Let's start by dividing 103,421,234 by 2

103,421,234 ÷ 2 = 51,710,617 - No remainder! 2 is one of the factors!
51,710,617 ÷ 2 = 25,855,308.5 - There is a remainder. We can't divide by 2 evenly anymore. Let's try the next prime number
51,710,617 ÷ 3 = 17,236,872.3333 - This has a remainder. 3 is not a factor.
51,710,617 ÷ 5 = 10,342,123.4 - This has a remainder. 5 is not a factor.
51,710,617 ÷ 7 = 7,387,231 - No remainder! 7 is one of the factors!
7,387,231 ÷ 7 = 1,055,318.7143 - There is a remainder. We can't divide by 7 evenly anymore. Let's try the next prime number
7,387,231 ÷ 11 = 671,566.4545 - This has a remainder. 11 is not a factor.
7,387,231 ÷ 13 = 568,248.5385 - This has a remainder. 13 is not a factor.
7,387,231 ÷ 17 = 434,543 - No remainder! 17 is one of the factors!
434,543 ÷ 17 = 25,561.3529 - There is a remainder. We can't divide by 17 evenly anymore. Let's try the next prime number
434,543 ÷ 19 = 22,870.6842 - This has a remainder. 19 is not a factor.
434,543 ÷ 23 = 18,893.1739 - This has a remainder. 23 is not a factor.
434,543 ÷ 29 = 14,984.2414 - This has a remainder. 29 is not a factor.
...
Keep trying increasingly larger numbers until you find one that divides evenly.
...
434,543 ÷ 353 = 1,231 - No remainder! 353 is one of the factors!
1,231 ÷ 353 = 3.4873 - There is a remainder. We can't divide by 353 evenly anymore. Let's try the next prime number
1,231 ÷ 359 = 3.429 - This has a remainder. 359 is not a factor.
1,231 ÷ 367 = 3.3542 - This has a remainder. 367 is not a factor.
1,231 ÷ 373 = 3.3003 - This has a remainder. 373 is not a factor.
...
Keep trying increasingly larger numbers until you find one that divides evenly.
...
1,231 ÷ 1,231 = 1 - No remainder! 1,231 is one of the factors!

The orange divisor(s) above are the prime factors of the number 103,421,234. If we put all of it together we have the factors 2 x 7 x 17 x 353 x 1,231 = 103,421,234. It can also be written in exponential form as 21 x 71 x 171 x 3531 x 1,2311.

Factor Tree

Another way to do prime factorization is to use a factor tree. Below is a factor tree for the number 103,421,234.

103,421,234
Factor Arrows
251,710,617
Factor Arrows
77,387,231
Factor Arrows
17434,543
Factor Arrows
3531,231

More Prime Factorization Examples

103,421,232103,421,233103,421,235103,421,236
24 x 33 x 531 x 4,51715711 x 181,123131 x 51 x 431 x 160,343122 x 4631 x 55,8431

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